Itching / Pruritus

Overview

Itching (pruritus) is the uncomfortable sensation that makes you want to scratch. It is a symptom, not a diagnosis. When itching comes with an obvious skin change — a rash, dryness, redness, bumps or scaling — the cause usually lies in the skin itself, such as dry skin, an allergy, eczema, an insect bite or a fungal infection. This page covers itching that has an identifiable skin cause; itching that is widespread with no visible rash, which often points to an internal medical condition, is covered on the Generalised Itching page.

Common skin causes

• Dry skin — especially in winter or with frequent hot bathing and harsh soaps (see Dry Skin).
• Eczema / dermatitis — dry, red, itchy patches (see Eczema / Dermatitis).
• Allergic contact or irritant reactions — to a product, plant, metal or chemical (see Allergic Skin Rash).
• Insect bites and infestations — mosquitoes, bed bugs, scabies.
• Fungal infections — often itchy, ring-shaped or in skin folds (see Fungal Skin Infection).
• Heat and sweat rash — common in a humid climate.

Evaluation

The history — where and when it itches, triggers, new products, exposure, and any rash — and a skin examination usually identify the cause. When the itch is widespread, persistent, or accompanied by general symptoms, internal causes are considered and blood tests arranged (see Generalised Itching).

Management overview

Treatment targets the cause: regular moisturising for dry skin, antihistamines and avoidance for allergies, anti-inflammatory creams for eczema, antifungals for fungal infection, and specific treatment for bites or infestations. Gentle skin care and avoiding scratching help the skin heal and prevent infection from broken skin.

Warning signs — seek prompt care

• Itching with spreading redness, warmth, pus or fever — possible skin infection.
• Itching with swelling of the lips or throat or breathlessness — possible severe allergy, emergency.
• Widespread itching with no rash, weight loss, jaundice or night sweats — see Generalised Itching, needs evaluation.

How we help

Dr. Nayak identifies the skin cause of the itch, begins targeted treatment, and checks for any underlying condition when the itch is widespread or persistent. Consultations are available in-clinic in Bhubaneswar and over teleconsultation.

Related conditions and patient concerns

• Generalised Itching
• Dry Skin
• Eczema / Dermatitis
• Allergic Skin Rash
• Fungal Skin Infection
• Skin Rash