Constipation

Overview

Constipation means passing stools less often than usual, with hard or lumpy stools that are difficult or painful to pass. It is very common and usually related to diet, fluids and lifestyle, though it can be caused by medicines, low activity, or an underlying condition. Most short-term constipation improves with simple measures. This page covers constipation in general; Chronic Constipation covers the longer-term pattern and the search for underlying causes.

Common causes

• Not enough fibre in the diet.
• Not drinking enough fluids.
• Low physical activity.
• Ignoring the urge to pass stool.
• Certain medicines, including some painkillers and iron.
• Changes in routine, such as travel.
• Conditions such as an underactive thyroid or diabetes, in some cases.

Management and diet

Management focuses on lifestyle: eating more fibre from fruits, vegetables, whole grains and legumes; drinking plenty of water; staying physically active; and responding to the urge to pass stool. A short course of a simple laxative may be used when needed, but long-term reliance without addressing the cause is avoided. Establishing a regular toilet routine helps.

When it needs review

• Constipation that persists despite lifestyle measures.
• A recent, persistent change in bowel habit.
• Constipation with blood in the stool or black, tarry stools.
• Constipation with severe abdominal pain or vomiting.
• Constipation with unexplained weight loss.

How we help

Dr. Nayak identifies any underlying cause, advises on diet and lifestyle, and uses medication sensibly — arranging tests when warning features are present. Consultations are available in-clinic in Bhubaneswar and over teleconsultation.

Related conditions and patient concerns

• Chronic Constipation
• Change in Bowel Habits
• Bloating
• Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS)
• Blood in Stool
• Thyroid Disorders