Gastritis

Overview

Gastritis is inflammation of the lining of the stomach. It may be acute (coming on suddenly) or chronic (lingering over time), and it commonly causes upper abdominal pain or burning, nausea, bloating and indigestion. The most frequent causes are H. pylori infection and the regular use of painkillers (non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs). Most cases settle with appropriate treatment, though gastritis can lead to ulcers or bleeding if ignored.

Symptoms

• Upper abdominal pain or burning, often related to meals.
• Nausea and sometimes vomiting.
• Bloating, belching and a feeling of fullness.
• Loss of appetite.
• In severe cases: vomiting blood or black, tarry stools.

Common causes

• H. pylori infection of the stomach.
• Regular use of painkillers (NSAIDs) such as ibuprofen or aspirin.
• Excess alcohol.
• Severe stress or major illness.
• Bile reflux into the stomach.
• Less commonly, autoimmune gastritis.

Evaluation and investigations

Evaluation reviews the symptom pattern and medicine use. H. pylori is checked with a breath, stool or blood test. An upper gastrointestinal endoscopy is arranged when symptoms are persistent, recurrent or accompanied by warning features — to confirm gastritis, check for ulcers and test for H. pylori directly. Blood tests check for anaemia.

Treatment and management

Treatment combines acid-suppressing medicines, stopping or reducing the offending painkillers, and a specific antibiotic course to eradicate H. pylori when it is confirmed. Alcohol is reduced. Most people improve with a short, defined course; long-term acid suppression is used only when there is a clear ongoing reason. Treatment is reviewed rather than continued indefinitely.

Diet and lifestyle

• Eat regular, smaller meals; avoid long gaps without food.
• Limit spicy, fried and very acidic foods.
• Reduce alcohol and avoid smoking.
• Use painkillers cautiously and only as advised.

Warning signs — seek urgent care

• Vomiting blood or coffee-ground material — emergency.
• Black, tarry stools — needs prompt assessment.
• Severe abdominal pain, dizziness or fainting (possible bleeding).
• Persistent vomiting or inability to keep fluids down.

How we help

Dr. Nayak identifies the cause of gastritis, tests for and treats H. pylori, and builds a tailored treatment plan with review. Consultations are available in-clinic in Bhubaneswar and over teleconsultation.

Related conditions and patient concerns

• Indigestion / Dyspepsia
• Peptic Ulcer Disease
• Acidity and Heartburn
• Upper Abdominal Pain
• Black Stool
• Abnormal Test Results