Bloating

Overview

Bloating is a sensation of fullness, tightness or swelling in the abdomen, often accompanied by gas or mild discomfort. It is very common and usually related to eating, digestion and gas production, though it can be a feature of indigestion, IBS, constipation or food intolerance. Occasional bloating is normal; persistent or worsening bloating that comes with other symptoms needs review.

Common causes

• Excess gas from swallowed air or certain foods.
• Indigestion and functional dyspepsia.
• Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS).
• Constipation.
• Food intolerances, such as lactose intolerance.
• Acid reflux and gastritis.
• In some cases, more serious causes — hence review when persistent.

Evaluation

Evaluation reviews the pattern, relationship to food and bowel habit, and any weight loss, bleeding or pain. Most cases are assessed clinically and managed with lifestyle measures. Tests such as blood tests, a stool examination or an ultrasound are arranged when bloating is persistent, recurrent or accompanied by warning features.

Management and diet

Management combines identifying and avoiding trigger foods, eating slowly and regularly, staying active, and treating any underlying cause such as constipation or IBS. For IBS-related bloating, a structured dietary review helps identify personal triggers. Excess use of carbonated drinks and swallowing air from eating quickly are reduced.

Warning signs — seek prompt care

• Persistent or worsening bloating with weight loss.
• Bloating with blood in the stool or black, tarry stools.
• Bloating with persistent vomiting.
• Severe abdominal pain with bloating.
• New, persistent bloating in older adults.

How we help

Dr. Nayak identifies the cause of bloating, advises on diet and lifestyle, and treats any underlying condition. Consultations are available in-clinic in Bhubaneswar and over teleconsultation.

Related conditions and patient concerns

• Gas and Flatulence
• Indigestion / Dyspepsia
• Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS)
• Constipation
• Abdominal Pain