Acne

Overview

Acne is a common skin condition in which hair follicles become blocked with oil and dead skin, leading to blackheads, whiteheads, red pimples, and deeper painful cysts. It is most familiar in teenagers but affects many adults too. While mild acne can be managed with simple measures, persistent, severe, or scarring acne — and adult-onset acne with other features — benefits from medical review to identify contributing factors and begin effective treatment.

Common contributors

• Hormonal changes — adolescence, menstrual cycle, pregnancy, and conditions such as polycystic ovarian syndrome.
• Excess oil production and blocked pores.
• Bacteria and inflammation within the follicle.
• Certain medicines, oily cosmetics, and heavy sweating.
• Stress and diet — possible contributors in some people.

Adult-onset and hormonal acne

Acne beginning or persisting in adulthood, especially in women with irregular periods, excess facial hair, or hair loss, may reflect an underlying hormonal condition and warrants a medical review. Dr. Nayak assesses for these features and arranges appropriate tests when indicated.

Evaluation

Evaluation considers the type and severity of acne, the age of onset, hormonal features, and the impact on the skin (scarring, pigmentation). Blood tests for hormones, blood sugar, and thyroid are arranged when an underlying condition is suspected. See Abnormal Test Results and Thyroid Disorders.

Management overview

Management ranges from topical treatments (retinoids, benzoyl peroxide) and skin-care advice for mild acne, to oral medications for moderate or severe acne. Underlying hormonal or medical contributors are addressed. Severe, scarring, or treatment-resistant acne is best managed with a dermatologist, and Dr. Nayak refers promptly while addressing any medical factor.

Warning signs — seek prompt care

• Painful, deep, scarring acne — needs treatment to limit scarring.
• Adult-onset acne with irregular periods, excess facial hair or hair loss — needs evaluation for hormonal causes.
• Acne with sudden, severe spread or deep cysts — needs assessment.

How we help

Dr. Nayak assesses the acne pattern, looks for hormonal and medical contributors, begins appropriate treatment, and refers to a dermatologist for severe or scarring acne. Consultations are available in-clinic in Bhubaneswar and over teleconsultation.

Related conditions and patient concerns

• Skin Rash
• Hair Loss
• Skin Discolouration
• Thyroid Disorders
• Abnormal Test Results